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The FCM F1 was a super-heavy tank developed in France by the Forges et Chantiers de la Mйditerranйe company. Twelve were ordered in 1940 to replace the Char 2C, but France was defeated before construction could begin. It was large, and had two turrets with one in front and one in the back. The rear turret was higher so it could shoot over the first one, and the wooden mock-up had a single gun in each turret. The development path of the FCM F1 was extremely complex.
The Char Lourd
In the twenties France used a typology of tanks, classified according to weight. The heaviest class was formed by the Char Lourd, or "heavy tank". In the programmes of 1921 and 1930, no new tank was foreseen for this class, the Char 2C fulfilling the role of Char Lourd. The programme of 1926 led in 1928 to a Char d'Arrкt project of fifty tons; when conceptual studies by FCM had reached 100 tons, in February 1929 a new plan for a somewhat lighter 65 ton vehicle was started but terminated on 17 May 1929 for budgetary reasons.
On 4 May 1936 however the Conseil Consulatif de l'Armement under General Dufleux decided to develop a new heavy tank, with the following specifications given on 12 November 1936: a maximum weight of 45 metric tons, immunity to 75 mm AP fire above 200 metres, a speed of 30 km/h, a range of 200 kilometres and an armament consisting of a long 75 mm gun in the hull and a 47 mm gun in a turret. It would thus have resembled an oversized Char B1, of which tank several other development projects were ongoing.
In 1937 three manufacturers, AMX, ARL and FCM, presented prototype proposals; ARL even three of them. All of these however had already a higher projected weight than 45 tons — and threatened to become even heavier during actual construction. In reaction it was first decided by the Conseil Supйrieur de la Guerre on 26 March 1937 to build a very small and cheap but heavily armoured (60 mm) vehicle instead, on the lines of the British Matilda I. The first designs featured a 37 mm gun. When a better armament was demanded, it was understood through a study by the Section de l'Armement et des Йtudes Techniques (SAET) on 5 April 1937 that the tank would still weigh a twenty tons, while another tank, the Char G1, was already in development in this weight class. As a result in February 1938 the specifications were again radically changed and now asked for a superheavy tank with a 75 mm gun in a turret; no weight limits were imposed. The new specifications were closest to the original FCM proposal of sixty tons and so the French Supreme Command decided on 6 April 1938 to grant FCM a development contract for a Char F1. It was realised however that this project could be no more than an intermediate step in heavy tank design and already a special commission had been formed in February, headed by the inspector-general of tanks, Martin, to further study the problem of overcoming the new defences of the Westwall being at the time constructed on the western German border.
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